双语阅读|BBC榜单之世界上最伟大的10家博物馆

BBC经常发布各式各样的排行榜，这次我们来看的是BBC评选的世界上最伟大的10家博物馆。我们把这份榜单推荐给大家一是希望大家可以用这份榜单来丰富一下历史和艺术方面的知识（毕竟这是大家考试时候失分的重灾区）；二来是希望留学党可以游览一下这些博物馆，提升一下自己的文化底蕴。让我们来看看这10家博物馆有哪些吧。

1. Musee d’Orsay, France

奥赛美术馆，法国

Standing on the Left Bank of the Seine, this venerable Paris museum was opened in 1986 in a formerBeaux-Arts railway station and hotel.

这个古老的巴黎博物馆屹立于塞纳河左岸，于1986首次开馆。其前身是一栋仿古典风格的火车站兼酒店。

The layout uses its previous incarnation to full effect – galleries cluster around the grand nave and light streams in through its sweeping glass roof.

博物馆的整体布局将其前身——展厅集中在巨大的中殿，阳光通过巨大的玻璃屋顶照射进来。

Conceived to bridge the gap between the collections of the Louvre Museum and the Pompidou Centre, it focuses on late 19th and early 20th Century art and houses the world’s largest collection ofimpressionist and post-impressionist paintings.

人们人们把它当作卢浮宫博物馆和蓬皮杜中心之间的过度点，它侧重于十九晚期和第二十世纪早期的艺术，其印象派和后印象派的藏品数量是世界上最大的。

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2. National Museum of Art, Osaka

国立美术馆，大阪

After the original 1970s building was demolished, a new structure designed by César Pelli opened in 2004.

在1970年代的建筑被拆除后，CésaR Pelli与2004年设计并建造了这个新版本。

The majority of the museum – including its art collections – is subterranean, with only the entrancelobby above ground. For maximum wow factor, Pelli’s studio created a towering intertwining glass-and-steel entrance designed to resemble reeds along a riverbank or stalks of bamboo.

博物馆的大部分，包括它的艺术收藏品，都处于地下，只有入口大厅是在地面上的。最让人眼前一亮的是，Pelli的工作室创造了一个高耸的缠绕型玻璃钢入口，形似河岸的芦苇或竹子的茎干。

3. Guggenheim, Spain

古根海姆博物馆，西班牙

The impressive building stands on the edge of the Nervión River in the old industrial heart of of the city, its glass and limestone structure clad in waves of titanium.

这座令人印象深刻的建筑矗立在内维翁河畔，这里是这座城市的老工业区中心，其玻璃和石灰石构成的主体被用一波一波的钛金属包裹着。

It was an immediate sensation; among its fans, the architect Philip Johnson hailed it “the greatest building of our time”.

它一建成变立即引起了轰动，它的粉丝种包括建筑师Philip Johnson，他称赞它是“我们时代最伟大的建筑”。

4. Oscar Niemeyer Museum, Brazil

奥斯卡•尼迈耶博物馆，巴西

The museum was opened in 2002-3 and nicknamed ‘the eye’ as it resembles a giant human eyeperched on a yellow pillar.

博物馆成立于2002-2003年，它的绰号是“眼睛”，因为它看起来像一个被安放在黄色立柱上的巨大人类眼睛。

The legendary Brazilian architect who designed it (and gave it his name) was a key figure in the modern movement; he was 95 when the building was completed.

设计它的是一位传奇的巴西建筑设计师，他为这座建筑冠上了自己的名字，此人在现代主义运动中是一个关键人物；当建筑完工时，他已经95岁了。

A 2,000 sq-ft museum space houses international art along with many of Niemeyer’s own works.

这个2000平方英尺的博物馆房间里陈列着许多外国艺术品，同时也有很多Niemeyer自己的作品。

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5. British Museum, London

大英博物馆，伦敦

The architect Robert Smirke designed the core of the museum, which opened in 1852, in the neo-Classical style.

这座博物馆于1852年首次开放，建筑师Robert Smirke设计了它新古典主义风格的核心部分。

The grand south entrance, with its impressive pediment and pillars, drew inspiration from ancient Greece.

南大门有着令人印象深刻的三角墙和立柱，其灵感来源是古希腊。

In 2000, Foster and Partners created a new Great Court, which, with its spectacular glass roof, transformed the museum’s inner courtyard into the largest covered space in Europe.

在2000年，福斯特事务所创造了一个新的大中庭，它有着壮观的玻璃屋顶，这将博物馆的内院改造成为欧洲最大的室内空间。

6. Royal Ontario Museum, Canada

皇家安大略博物馆，加拿大

This museum of natural history, art and culture is Canada’s largest, with over six million items in its collection.

这座博物馆的展览门类包括自然历史、艺术和文化，它是加拿大最大的一家，拥有着超过六百万件收藏品。

In addition to its original and 20th Century buildings, Studio Daniel Libeskind’s new entrance design, which opened as the Michael Lee-Chin Crystal in 2007, was described by the museum as “a distinctive new symbol for Toronto for the 21st Century”.

在其原本的20世纪建筑之外，Daniel Libeskind工作室设计了一个新入口，在2007年作为Michael Lee-Chin水晶博物馆对外开放，它被博物馆方描述为“21世纪多伦多独树一帜的新标志”。

The complex prismatic structure of glass and aluminium on a steel frame has its detractors though – in 2009 it made number 8 on a list of ‘the world’s ugliest buildings’.

不过，也有人批评这由玻璃和铝钢框架组成的复杂的棱镜结构，2009年它在“世界最丑建筑榜”上位列第8。

7. Museo Soumaya, Mexico City

索玛亚博物馆，墨西哥城

The private cultural institution was established in 1994 and ranges across two sites – Plaza Loreto and the Plaza Carso in Mexico City.

这家私营文化机构成立于1994年，它有两个场馆，一个是洛雷托广场，另一个是卡勒索广场，都位于墨西哥城。

The latter, which opened in 2011, was designed by Mexican architect Fernando Romero, engineered with Ove Arup and Frank Gehry.

后者是在2011开馆的，它由墨西哥建筑师Fernando Romero设计，由Ove Arup和Frank Gehry进行工程监督。

A 151ft (46m) structure clad in 16,000 hexagonal aluminium tiles, the six-floor museum contains workpredominantly from Mexico and Europe, including the largest collection of Rodin’s works outside of France.

整个建筑高151英尺（46米），外面包裹着16000块六边形铝砖，这家6层楼的博物馆的展品主要来自墨西哥和欧洲，其中罗丹作品的数量是法国以外最大的一组。

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8. Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg, Russia

冬宫博物馆，圣彼得堡，俄罗斯

One of the largest and oldest museums in the world, the Hermitage was opened in 1764 by Empress Catherine the Great and houses over three million pieces of art and cultural artefacts. 

世界上最大、最古老的博物馆之一——冬宫，于1764由凯瑟琳大帝在宣布开放，其拥有超过三百万件艺术品和文物。

The sprawling state museum complex consists of a number of buildings, including the grand green-and-white Winter Palace, the former home of the Russian Tsars.

这座庞大的国立博物馆由许多栋建筑物组成，包括宏大的绿白相间的冬宫和俄罗斯沙皇以前居住的宫殿。

The colossal palace was designed in the main by Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli in an elaborate Baroque style.

这座巨大宫殿基本上是由Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli设计的，其风格是精致的巴洛克风格。

9. Museum of Islamic Art, Doha

伊斯兰艺术博物馆，多哈

Opening in the Qatari capital in 2008, this museum was designed by the Pritzker Prize-winning architect IM Pei. At the age of 91, Pei travelled throughout the Arab world for six months collecting inspiration for the project.

这座博物馆位于卡塔尔的首都，于2008年首次开馆，它是由曾获得普利策奖的建筑师贝聿铭设计的。当时，91岁的贝聿铭为了收集灵感在阿拉伯周游了六个月。

The towering five-storey limestone structure perches on reclaimed land with views across the Dohawaterfront and its two wings are connected by a large central courtyard.

这座高耸的5层石灰岩建筑是建在填海造出的土地上的，在这能将多哈的海景尽收眼底。博物馆的两侧翼楼由一个大型的中央庭院连接着。

It houses a collection of Islamic art from over 1,400 years.

其中的伊斯兰艺术藏品有的可以追溯到1400多年前。

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10. Vatican Museums, Italy

梵蒂冈博物馆，意大利

The Vatican City’s museums were opened by Pope Julius II in the 16th Century; its complex contains 52 galleries and is one of the largest museums in the world.

梵蒂冈博物馆由教皇儒略二世在16世纪创立的。整个建筑群包含52个展厅，是世界上最大的博物馆之一。

The museum’s collection of religious sculpture and painting includes works by Raphael, Titian and Caravaggio.

该馆收藏的宗教雕塑和绘画包括拉斐尔、提香和卡拉瓦乔的作品。

Its rooms include the Gallery of Maps and the Gallery of Tapestries and its very last sala is themagnificent Sistine Chapel, its walls decorated with works by artists including Perugino and Botticelli and the vaulted ceiling painted by Michelangelo.

它的众多展厅中包含地图厅和挂毯厅；而它最负盛名的大厅就是宏伟的西斯廷礼拜堂，礼拜堂的墙上装饰着艺术家佩鲁基诺和波提切利的作品，而拱顶则由米开朗基罗绘制。

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