如何用雅思阅读来提高写作

为了帮助大家更好地备战雅思考试，今天就给大家带来一些小作文的专业表达，对于小作文的写法有较好的了解。同时就大作文而言，所选的4篇阅读文章与写作题目的相关性应该能够让大家明白精读不仅对于提高阅读本身有帮助，同时对于写作也会有所提升。同学们可以多关注一下阅读文章，应该会有所启发，下面请看：如何用雅思阅读来提高写作的详细内容。

（一）TASK 1

A: 数据性图表

（1）百分比的直接描述---摘自于C4T1 Reading Passage1

1.    The commonest response were continents or countries: Africa (given by 43% of children), South Africa(30%), Brazil (25%).---括号带入百分比，比较直观及简单

2.    The dominant idea, raised by 64% of the pupils, was that the rainforests provide animals with habitats.---百分比作为插入语部分放在句中，体现语法的高级性

3.    About 18% of the pupils referred specifically to logging activity.---百分比放句首

4.    Only a few of the pupils(6%) mentioned that rainforest destruction may contribute to global warming.---6%与a few of的归类表述

5.    Two fifths of the students provide the information that the rainforest provide oxygen.---分数与百分比之间的同义转换

（2）数据间的对比与比较---摘自于C4T2 Reading Passage2---Alternative medicine in Australia

1.     12% suffer from digestive problems, which is only 1% more than those suffering from emotional problems.---定语从句比较数据

2.     Those suffering from respiratory complaints represent 7% of their patients, and candida sufferers represent an equal percentage.---用equal来体现相等数据的表述

3.     Headache sufferers and those complaining of general ill health represent 6% and 5% of the patients respectively.---用respectively来引出2个接近数据

实战演练：

2015.04.25

The bar chart compares the changes in the places where people used to surf on the internet in the years 1998, 2000, 2002 and 2004 in the UK.

参考写法：

（1）百分比的直接描述

a.    括号带入百分比---In 1998, library was the place where fewest people used to surf the Internet(13%)

b.    百分比作为插入语放句中---Library, attracting only 13% of people, was the least favorable place to surf the Internet.

c.    百分比放句首---Nearly 13% of people chose to surf the Internet in the library.

（2）百分比之间的对比

In 2000, about 48% of people surfed the internet at home, which was 10% more than those at work.---定语从句比较数据

In 2000, those surfing the internet in college and in the library represented 20% and 18%, respectively.---用respectively来引出2个接近数据

（3）趋势的写法---摘自于C4T4 Reading Passage 3---The problem of scarce resources

Thus in OECD countries as a whole, health costs increased from 3.8% of GDP in1960 to 7% of GDP in 1980, andit has been predicted that（将来时的表述） the proportion of health costs to GDP will continue to increase.

实战演练：

2015.01.30

The chart below shows the percentage of the whole world population in four countries from 1950-2002, with projections to 2050.

参考写法：In India, the percentage of population increased from 15% in1950 to 18% in 2002, and it has been predicted that the proportion will continue to rise to 23% in 2050.

B: 非数据类图表

在阅读文章中，地图题的相关语言表述基本不常见，但是流程图的相关语言特色还是有一定反馈的。

摘自于Bakelite-the birth of modern plastics

这篇阅读的第5段就是一个很典型的流程图的写法，可以从里面学到相关词汇及句型。例如：

1.    The original patent outlined a three-stage process, in which…were initially combined---可以用于开头段的书写

2.    …was allowed to cool until it hardened, and then broken upand ground into powder（冷却，打碎及碾压的表达）

3.    Other substances were then introduced: including…（加入新事物的表达）

4.    In the last stage, the heated bakelitewas poured into a hollow mold of the required shape and subjected to extreme heatand pressure.（倒进去，模具塑形及加热的表达）

实战演练：

2006年9月A类玻璃瓶回收

参考写法：

开头：The glass bottle recycling outlines a three-step process, in which bottles used by customers are initially gathered.

塑形过程：Then, the liquid, with additional one, is poured into the glass mold of the required shape to produce new bottles.

（二）TASK 2 

雅思大作文，比起小作文来讲，更难以得到高分。不光其对于词汇和句式有着更高的要求，更是由于它文体的特殊性，需要考生提出自己的看法。考虑到大部分考生还是处在学习阶段，人生历练比较少，观点的产出既要切题又要质量高是很困难的一件事。鉴于此，笔者在这里给大家简要的分析一下雅思阅读与写作之间的那些千丝万缕的关系。

学过雅思写作的同学都知道，雅思大作文基本都是从几大常考话题中抽取的，比如常考的有教育类，科技类，环境类及社会类等。笔者将列举几篇典型的阅读文章告诉你它背后隐藏的写作的故事。 

（1）阅读文章：Lost for words

匹配的相关写作题目：

Some people think governments should spend money on measures to save languages with few speakers from dying out completely. Others think this is a waste of financial resources. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.（2011.03.15语言类）

分析：语言类作文一直是考生比较头疼的，主要是由于对于这方面素材积累得比较少，无话可说。因此，要想写好这一篇作文，背景知识的了解以及知道如何保护语言还是很重要的，然而在lost for words这篇阅读中就能找到相关信息。

Background:

Navajo is considered endangered despite having 150,000 speakers. Street signs, supermarket goods and even their own newspaper are all in English. Not surprisingly, linguists doubt that any native speakers of Navajo will remain in a hundred years’ time.

（此段可以用于写作开头段的背景导入或正文段的论证，用Navajo作为例子，是较好的举例论证手法。当然考生在备考期间可以查询和Navajo类似的濒危语言，学习本段的论证手法。）

Reasons for languages dying out:

1. The critically endangered languages are those that are only spoken by the elderly.

2. The deadliest weapon is not government policy but economic globalization.

（语言濒危的原因，可以作为切入点去想相关措施）

Ways to protect:

1. Class for children have showed the erosion of Maori and rekindled interest in the language.

2.“Apprentice” programs have provided life support to several indigenous languages.

3. The mere possibility of revival has led many speakers of endangered languages to develop systems of writing where none existed before.

（此3点可作为正文Body1段的参考观点，比较新颖，值得大家借鉴，如果能体现在作文中，必能吸引考官的眼球）

（2）阅读文章：How much higher? How much faster?

匹配的相关写作题目：

It is generally believed that some people are born with certain talents, for instance for sport or music, and others are not. However, it is sometimes claimed that any child can be taught to become a good sports person or musician. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.（剑7 Test1）

分析：此篇写作题目从属于教育类范畴，考察的是天生与后天之间的关系，写作难点就是对于例子的把握。

Background:

At the 1908 Olympic, John Hayes of the US team ran a marathon in a time of 2:55:18. In 1999, Marocco’s Khalid Khannouchi set a new world record of 2:05:42, almost thirty percent faster.

（开头可以使用类似对比的方式来讨论先天与后天哪个improve the performance）

Gene (born with certain talents):

Over the past century, the composition of the human gene pool has not changed appreciably, but with increasing global participation in athletics,--and greater rewards to tempt athletes--it is more likely that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified earlier.

（Body1的参考论证来体现出基因对于运动员的好处）

阅读中的同义替换：Genetically talented individuals/running on their genetics

Training (be taught to become a good sports person or musician):

Focused training will also play a role in enabling records to be broken. If we applied the Russian training models to some of the outstanding runners we have in this country, they would be breaking records left and right.

（Body2的参考论证来体现出运动的重要性，典型的举例论证。考生可能对于Russian training model的方式不太熟悉，可以查询相关材料，把握其主旨）

（3）阅读文章：greying population stays in the pink

匹配的相关写作题目：

In some countries, the proportion of the elderly people is increasing steadily.Why? Is it a positive or negative development?（热门的预测题目）

Background:

The results of a 14-year study to be announced later this month reveal that the diseases associated with old age are afflicting fewer and fewer people and when they do strike, it is much later in life.

（用报告的调查结果引出老年人目前的状况，可用于开头段）

Contributing factors:

1. Certain diseases are beating a retreat in the face of medical advances.

2. Improvements in childhood nutrition gave today’s elderly people a better start in life than their predecessors.

3. Educated people seek more medical attention.

4. Maintaining a level of daily physical activity may help mental functioning.

（文章给出了4个老年人长寿的原因，可用于回答写作的第一个问号，而其中第二和第三两个观点比较新颖，考生一般都想不到，平时可以做积累）

（4）阅读文章：the impact of wilderness tourism

匹配的相关写作题目：

These days, some developing countries are expanding their tourism industries. What are the reasons of this phenomenon? Is this a positive or negative development?

Positive:

1. Tourism has been the prime source of foreign exchange in Nepal and Bhutan.

2. Tourism is also a key element in the economies of Arctic zones such as Lapland and Alaska and in desert areas such as Ayers Rock in Australia.

（文章提及外币交换以及促进经济发展是旅游带来的好处，并且每句话后面都有典型的地点作为例证，显得非常有说服力）

Negative:

1. In some hill regions, this has led to a serious decline in farm output and a change in the local diet, because there is insufficient labor to maintain terraces and irrigation systems and tend to crops.

2. The physical impact of visitors is another serious problem associated with the growth in adventure tourism. Much attention has focus on erosion along major trails, but perhaps more important are the deforestation and impacts on water supplies.

（文章提及农业产量下降，饮食结构改变以及游客的破坏是开发旅游的隐藏问题。基本上考生对于第二句话会产生一定的共识，但是通过第一句话相信可以给大家一些比较有创意的观点，博取考官的眼球）

Solutions:

1. Communities in fragile environments must achieve greater control over tourism ventures in the regions.

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