北美标准化考试词汇必备(一)

北美的标准化考试种类繁多，有我们大家熟悉的TOEFL、SAT、ACT、GRE、GMAT等，还有一些考试是我们不太熟悉的，例如LAST、MCAT、AP等。

不过对于任何一个考试来说，都要求我们的学生具备较大的词汇量。一个受过良好教育的美国人的词汇量大概是2万左右，而现在我们的大学毕业生的词汇量普遍在6000-8000，英语系毕业生的词汇量可以达到1万-1万2。这就是很多同学在出国前都要疯狂背单词的原因。

为了更好地帮助大家进行英语词汇的学习，尤其是应对北美的各种语言和学术类考试，并了解英语词根词缀的知识，留学监理网的老师特意为大家制作了一个系列的词汇提升类文章，希望大家可以有效地进行词汇学习。今天我们就来学习一下How to Talk about Personality Types。

自我主义者/利己主义者：egoist

Every decision you make is based on the answer to one question: “what’s in it for me? Ifyour selfishness, greed, and ruthless desire for self-advancement hurt other people, that’s too bad. But you may say “this is a tough world and I, for one, am not going to be left behind!”

自高自大者/骄傲自负者：egotist

You are boastful to the point of being obnoxious -- you have only one string to your conversatioal violin -- YOURSELF; and on it you play a number of monotonous variations: what you think, what you have done, how good you are, how you would solve the problems of the world, etc.

利他主义者/无私的人：altruist

You have discovered the secret of true happiness -- concerning yourself with the welfare of others. Never mind your own interests.

内向者/内向的人：introvert

You may seem unsocial, yet your greatest desire is to be liked and accepted. You may be shy and quiet, you are often moody and unhappy, and you prefer solitude or at most the company of one person to a crowd. You have an aptitude for creative work and are uncomfortable engaging in activities that require cooperation with other people. You may even be a genius, or eventually turn into one.

外向者/外向的人：extrovert

You would be great as a teacher, counselor, administrator, insurance agent. You can always become interested in other people’s problems. You are the life of the party, because you never worry about the effect of your actions, never inhibit yourself with doubts about dignity or propriety. You are usually happy, generally full of high spirits; you love to be with people -- lots of people. Your thoughts, your interests, your whole personality are turned outward.

中间性格者/既外向又内向的人：ambivert

You are both introverted and extroverted tendencies -- at different times nd on different occasions. Your interests are turned, in about equal proportions, both inward and outward. Indeed you’re quite normal -- in the sense that your personality is like that of most people.

不愿与人往来者/愤世嫉俗的人：misanthrope

Cynical, embittered, suspicious, you hate everyone. The perfectibility of the human race? “Nonsense! No way!”. The stupidity, the meanness, and the crookedness of most morals -- that is your favourite theme.

嫌弃女人者/厌恶女人的人：misogynist

Sometime in your dim past, you were crossed, scorned or deeply wounded by a woman (a mother, or mather figure, perhaps). So now you have a carefully constructed defense against further hurt -- you hate all women.

厌恶结婚的人/厌婚者：misogamist

You will not make the ultimate legal commitment. Members of the opposite sex are great as lovers, roommates, apartment or house-sharers, but not as lawfully wedded spouses. The bies that bind are too binding for you. You may possibly believe that a commitment is deeper and more meaningful if freedom is available without judicial proceedings.

清心寡欲的人/禁欲主义者：ascetic

Self-denial, austerity, lonely contemplation -- these are the characteristics of the good life, so you claim. The simplest food and the least amount of it that will keep body and soul together, combined with abstinence from fleshly, earthly pleasures, will eventually lead to spiitual perfection -- that is your philosophy.

词根详解--ego：

What do you think your constant criticisms do to my ego?

很多同学读到这个句子都太明白其中的含义，ego的意思是“自我”，这是一个非常抽象的心理学术语。这里，我们不去探究ego的含义，我们需要来学习ego这个词根。ego是一个来自于拉丁语的词根，意为“我，自我”，今后再看到某个单词中含有ego这个词根，你就可以大胆猜测一下单词的意思了！

那么还有哪些单词带有ego这个词根呢？大家继续跟着留学监理网的老师往下学习吧！

If you are an egocentric, you consider yourself the center of the universe, you are an extreme form of the egoist.

And if you are an egomaniac, you carry egoism to such an extreme that your needs, desires and interests have become a morbid obsession, a mania.

The egoist or egtist is obnoxious, the egocentric is intolerable and the egomaniac is dangerous and slightly mad.

词根详解--alter：

与ego一样，alter也是一个来自拉丁语的词根，意为“他人”。之前学过的利他主义者altruist就来自于这个词根。由alter变化而来的词汇也很多，我们继续一起学习一下：

Altruistic actions look toward the benefit of others. If you alternate, you skip one and take the other. And if you have no alternative, you have no other choice.

An alteration is a change -- a making into something other. When you alter your plans, you make other plans.

An altercation is a verbal dispute. When you have an altercation with someone, you have a violent disagreement, a fight with words. By the way, altercation is stronger than quarrel or dispute.

Last but not least, we have alter ego, which combines alter (other) with ego (I/self). It refers to someone with whom you are so close that you both do the same things, think alike, eact similarly, etc. Any such friend is your alter ego.

词根详解--misein：

希腊语词根misein构成了misanthrope、misogynist和misogaist。在希腊语中，misein的意思是hate。The misanthrope hates mankind (in Greek, anthropos=mankind); the misogynist hates women (in Greek, gyne=woman); the misogamist hate marriage (in Greek, gamos=marriage).

今天，我们一起学习了很多用来形容人性格的“高大上”的专业术语，如果你可以把这些词汇用在TOEFL、GRE、SAT的写作中的话，是不是一下子就能帮你抓住考官的眼球呢？

另外，我们今天还学习了很多拉丁语和希腊语的词根，学会这种重要的单词学习方法之后，你就可以和其他母语为英语的学生具有“说文解字”的能力了！

英语学习是一个不断积累的过程，词汇学习更是不能懒惰和懈怠。希望老家每天拿出一点时间用来进行英语的学习，这样才能产生“水滴石穿”的效果。

希望大家的英语越来越好，早日攻克考试的难关！

• 上一篇：托福阅读的100个必懂短语
• 下一篇：经验分享：如何获得托福阅读满分

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