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时间:2016-07-20
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ETS在7月17日周日举办了一场GRE考试。今天,留学监理网的老师就来给大家分享一份本次GRE考试的考情回顾,希望可以帮助大家学习和备考。
写作
Issue:
"The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries."
个体的伟大只能由他/她的后人来评判,而不能由他/她同时代的人来评判。
Argument:
The following is a letter to the editor of an environmental magazine.
"Two studies of amphibians in Xanadu National Park confirm a significant decline in the numbers of amphibians. In 1975 there were seven species of amphibians in the park, and there were abundant numbers of each species. However, in 2002 only four species of amphibians were observed in the park, and the numbers of each species were drastically reduced. One proposed explanation is that the decline was caused by the introduction of trout into the park's waters, which began in 1975. (Trout are known to eat amphibian eggs.)"
在X国家公园对于两栖动物所进行的两次研究证实了两栖动物数量的急剧下降。1975年公园中有7种两栖动物,每种的数量都很丰富。 然而到了202年在公园中只观察到4种两栖动物,并且每种动物的数量都显著下降。一种解释就是两栖动物数量的下降曾被归因于始于1975年的在公园水域引入鲑鱼的行为(鲑鱼捕食两栖动物的卵)。
Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.
阅读
长文章1
文章大意:
十八世纪晚期英国文学的权威们似乎认为相比于小说而言,女性应该去喜欢历史而非小说,因为阅读历史被认为是有好处的,这一点可以从Hanway的一部小说中看出,小说女主人公喜欢读历史,所以大家就觉得她比她不喜欢读历史的妹妹更有美德、更聪明。在简奥斯丁的另一部小说里也体现了这一点,一个角色不喜欢历史,而另一个更聪明、成熟的角色则喜欢历史。然而,这两个例子中对历史的赞扬其实是双刃剑。简奥斯丁小说里的那个角色之所以不喜欢读历史,是因为她不喜欢充满了男性、而几乎没有女性的历史书,这体现了从女权主义角度对历史的一种批评。而Hanway在其小说中给主人公对历史的阅读带来了政治上的争议,把那个时代最富有争议的两个宗教怀疑这列为自己最喜欢的历史作者(Hume和Gibbons)。虽然Hume写的历史不如他的哲学那么引起人们的争议,在Hanway的那个时代也有着广泛的对于Hume作为一个历史作家的道德上的怀疑,而Gibbons对于古典异教的支持从他关于罗马的历史出现的第一天就引起了争议。
题目1:The author’s primary purpose is that
参考答案:a particular issue is more complex than it might appear
题目2: The highlighted sentence exemplifies which of the following?
(Readers of Marry Ann Hanw ay’s novel Andrew Stewart, or the Northern Wanderer, learning that its heroine delights in David Hume’s and Edward Gibbon’s histories, could conclude that she was more virtuous and intelligent than her sister, who disdains such reading.)
参考答案:An instance in which a particular judgment about the value of reading history is apparently presupposed
题目3:作者支持以下哪项下面关于Hume的说法( 这道是讲义中没有的题目)
对应文章原句:Hume’s history was generally seen as being less objectionable than his philosophy
题目4:The author mentions the “widespread doubts” in order to
参考答案:illustrate a point about a way eighteenth-century fiction sometimes represented historians
长文章2
越来越多的证据表明山体滑坡的频率和强度在世界很多地方都在发生变化,作为对气候变化的一种回应。这不是一件奇怪的事情,考虑到降雨是山体滑坡的两大外界诱因之一,另一个是地震活动。过去的证据明确地表明,山体滑坡活动活跃的周期后紧接着不活跃的周期,这些变化与气候的变化在不同的时间尺度上都是相关的。
而最近的山体滑坡与之前的不同之处在于最近的滑坡很有可能是人类造成的,要么是单独作用,要么是与气候因素共同作用,而进一步地改变了山体滑坡的过程和生态系统对之的相应。在这些因素中,森林砍伐和土地用途的改变有能力改变山体滑坡的频率和强度,因为它们能够直接影响植被的特性,而植被能够影响山坡的稳定性。山体的生态系统能够在多大程度上承受这种变化,即在发生变化之前山体能够吸收多少这样的影响,目前还不清楚。研究这个问题对长期的群山保护是非常重要的。
题目1:The author of the passage cites “evidence from the past” in order to
参考答案:support a partial explanation
题目2:The passage makes which of the following claims?
参考答案:Decreases in landsliding activity have historically been accompanied by changes in climate.
题目3:The author of the passage suggests which of the following about the role of human factors in landsliding activity? (多选题)
参考答案:Human factors can intensify or alter the effects of climate change on landsliding activity. 与 Until recently, human factors did not have much impact on landsliding activity.
短文章:
一个很有影响力的之前的观点认为,一个生态系统包含了仅能够为有限数量的物种所使用的生态位(niches), 物种之间对于资源的竞争,不管是本地物种之间的竞争还是包含了入侵物种,决定了一个物种的成功与否。然而,除了竞争以外的一些其他因素通常能够解释入侵物种的成功。比如,美国灰松鼠经常被作为一个很经典的在竞争方面有优势的成功的入侵物种,于1876年被引入英国,现在种群数量很多,而原来的本地物种红松鼠数量则减少了。虽然科学家们发现,灰松鼠在觅食方面比红松鼠效率更高,他们也注意到即使在灰松鼠被引入之前,英国的红松鼠的数量就已经有一个周期性的趋势在减少以至于灭绝,而后来被重新引入。另外,很多灰松鼠身上携带着对于灰松鼠致命的疾病。
题目:
1. It can be inferred that the author of the passage mentions the efficiency with which gray squirrels
forage primarily in order to
A. identify a factor that explains a certain phenomenon
B. call attention to an inconsistency in a particular theory
C. suggest that competition cannot be the factor responsible for a particular outcome
D. acknowledge a fact that appears to support a view that the author intends to qualify
E. cite evidence that is not consistent with an early influential view about species competition
参考答案: D
2. It can be inferred that the author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about the “early view?”
A. It reflects a mistaken assumption about the means by which nonnative species are introduced into ecosystems.
B. Its basic premise is shown to be valid by the effect of American gray squirrels on Britain’s red squirrel population.
C. It presents a simplistic picture of the means by which species composition within ecosystems is determined.
D. It can effectively explain the formation of ecosystems that contain few species but cannot adequately account for the formation of complex ecosystems.
E. It understates the importance of competition as a factor determining species composition within ecosystems.
参考答案: C
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